All About Eve

Ironically, we see the story repeating Itself at the end of the film. The story itself reflects a history that is as old as show business. Betty Davis' plays Margo Changing, the star of the film fears her stardom will soon fade do to her turning 40 years of age. Margo goes through a series of events were she panics do to her aging. In reality being the age of 40 is not very old. However, in film business actresses are unable to play various roles. Ideally, most roles are created for pretty young woman, and after a certain age it is difficult to portray those oleos.Males however, are able to continue their advancing years In many roles. Marco's character Is egoistical, very demanding, and obsessed with stardom's. Her life revolves around theater. The numbers of roles that are offered to her are suddenly decreasing. Although her character shows confidence on the outside, in the inside she is full of insecurities. Betty Davis' was the perfect candidate for this role. Davis' herself was a very famous Hollywood star whose career was going down the drain due to aging. This movie put this aging actress back to the top.Ann Baxter plays the role of Eve. This character plays a role of a star struck fan. At first Eve seems to be a very naive, and sweet. Eve Is dressed down at the beginning in an old trench coat and hat. She Is setting herself up for an Improvising soul who has to pay cheap for a ticket at a standing room; giving the illusion that she is caught up with the love of the theater. She soon becomes Marco's assistant, and then understudy. Both actresses convey their roles in such a natural way that it seems as if the roles were written for them.Actuality, there was other actresses who were noninsured for these roles, but the castings prevailed. In the film, Eve becomes Marco's understudy with the help, and Influences of great theater people. The film portrayed the rivalry and competition between actors. The movie was such a success that it was nominated for many awards. This film put Betty Davis back on top. Her great performance got Betty nominated In the academy awards for best actress. But, her co-star Ann Baxter (Eve) insisted on being nominated for the same award.Rather than taking the award for supporting actress. This caused the votes for tooth actresses to cancel out; therefore, giving the award to the runner up. Eve later admitted her mistake In not accepting the supporting actress award. George Candler's plays a theater critic named Addison De Witt. De Wit's character is very egoistic, snobby, and believes he is the most important person in the theater world. His dialogue consists of sarcastic tones that set the films themes in perspective. His character represents the views of the director Amanuensis.In a theater community a well recognized critic can make a difference in an audience. Monger than Margo. Yet, he falls in love with Margo and marries her. In real life, Merrill did fall in love with Davis, and also decided to marry her. Along with the cast of this great film Marilyn Monroe is introduced. Marilyn plays the role of Miss Caldwell. Miss Caldwell is interested in meeting wealthy men, and therefore uses her assets like her body to attract them. In real life Marilyn did use her assets to accomplish her goals. The films dialogue sets the movie apart from any other film.The characters are always lively, and clever. Their tone of delivering their lines makes the audience stop and pay attention. The films dialogue undertones all the hidden feelings that the characters are establishing. It reflects the backstabbing, and the means people will take in order to reach stardom. The film director uses high key lighting in black and white in order to portray a flawless and glamorous look. This gives the image a clear and clean appearance. This choice of lighting smooth's the characters flaws, and makes them appear younger than they are almost doll like.In the film the people that are involved in theater appear t o be very wealthy. The characters are dressed formal, and glamorous. It appears that the world the characters inhabit is white segregated. The characters all obtain fur coats, and they appear to treat them as if they had no value. Birdie (the helper of Margo) makes Jokes of the bed looking like a dead animal when the coats are thrown on the bed. Small items like these indicate wealthiest. The film â€Å"All about Eve† is a great representation of the behind the scenes of a theatre based environment.The film represent the secret feelings, envy, Jealousy, and backstabbing between friends, and colleges. This film is an insightful manipulation of art imitating life. The clever dialogue and sharp performances illustrate the plot of the story. The audience is introduced to the story of a young lady and her ruthless way to rise in fame. Once she is an inspiring actress, we see the story repeat itself as a young lady enters the life of Eve claiming to be a star struck fan. The cycle repeats itself, and there are many women who are ready to take her spot.

Germany experienced a period of political Essay

Political calm, spd can’t compromise, Hindenburg causing problems, lack of cooperation between parties causing polarisation but no outright revolutions that happened during 1919-24, growing foreign relations lorcano/treaty of berlin Economic development, result of lorcano meant breathing space from reparations also dawes and young plan and rentenmark – dawes plan borrowed US money lead to increase in capital. Later though fulfilment still causing problems and unemployment pay is causing issues, increase in taxes Social progress, conservative right unhappy and manifests in literature and cinema expressing glory in WW1 contrasts with neue sachlichkiet modern Weimar culture, Bauhaus linking art and functionality. Highlighting social issues within Weimar Overall relative calm but lack of progress, economic development but in short term and social progress but not helping Weimar. The years 1924 to 1929 are often described as the ‘Golden years’ but it is debatable to what extent Germany actually experienced political calm, economic development and social progress during this time. Certainly there was not the turbulence of post-war Germany and the consequences of the crippling Versaille Treaty were not as harsh in this period but this does not mean it was a time of development and progress. It can be suggested that it was not a period ‘of political calm’, there was certainly a lot of tension between the various political parties that made up the many coalition governments in this period, the failure of so many governments alone suggests that there were serious political issues. The narrowing of the interests of each party meant that it was becoming increasingly difficult for effective coalition governments to be formed. The SPD were especially difficult in this time as they were against compromising with the ‘bourgeois parties’ as they felt a change in ideals would occur and proposed policies like the Heidelberg Programme which would see private ownership of industry be taken over by social owners. Obviously many parties from the left felt this but the SPD had the largest amount of seats in the Reichstag, over 150 at their peak in the 20’s, and therefore had the ability to put the government into a stalemate. The SPD’s inability to compromise makes the political stage even worse when Hindenburg is elected as president  in 1925. Hindenburg, being a veteran of the Franco-Prussian war and the general who won the battle of Tannenburg was already conservative and took as many steps as he could to reduce the power the SPD had. Hindenburg also believed the powers of the president should be unrestrained and even blocked a draft that would limit his ability to use Article 48. This incoduscive atmosphere meant that by the time the SPD were willing to cooperate with a coalition government, individual interests and polarisation of parties had developed and no one else was interested. Therefore this cannot be classed as a period of political calm due to the stagnant politica l system. However, it could be suggested that this tension is to be expected as people are still feeling the effects of the First World War and political calm could be defined by the lack of extreme political parties attempting to take over. When this era is compared to the years 1919 to 1924 it is by far a time of political calm as there were no outright attempts at revolution. The years before saw extreme right and left wing idealists try to take over and the fact that this was not attempted during the ‘golden years’ meant it was a time of relative political calm. This is not to mention the successes in Stresemann’s foreign policy, which put Germany back on track to becoming a serious European power once again. The admittance of Germany into the league of nations and the signing of various treaties, such as the Lorcano treaty, meant Germany were in a period of political calm; not experiencing the diplomatic humiliation of the years before. The various treaties signed by Stresemann also helped the economic development in this period. The Dawes gained significant investments from the US and the Young Plan reduced the reparations Germany would have to pay, and set a timescale for how long they would have to pay. This gave the country some ‘breathing space’ to repair and develop its own economy. The young plan, for example, reduced the amount they would have to pay by 1700 million marks than they would in conjunction with the Dawes plan. These plans, alongside the introduction of the rentenmark meant there was an increase in German capital in this period, which can certainly be classed as a period of economic development. Whilst there is definitely evidence of economic development in the mid-1920’s it did also experience financial issues. The increase in unemployment, 15% of the workforce were unemployed by 1929, put a heavy strain on the welfare system of Weimar Germany. The institution for paying unemployment benefits had to borrow money from the Government, 342 million reichsmarks, and the parties could not agree how to find this money. The SPD would increase taxes while the DVP would cut benefits. This can be seen as a backwards move in economic development, as the system did not address the problem of unemployment, but just found more money to pay it, with the decision of how to pay for the unemployment benefits was delayed until 1930. This can be seen as the government almost shooting themselves in the foot and making a short term fix for a long term problem. This short-sightedness can also be argued to be found in Stresemann’s policies, for borrowing money from the US. An international financial crisis would leave over-dependant-on-America Germany in a high amount of debt, which is what happened when the Wall Street Crash occurred. Therefore it can be said that these years were a period of economic development, but that there would be little long term effect on the country from these developments. Social progress is probably the only contention that can be absolutely agreed with, with very influential movements like the Bauhaus dominating this period of time, summed up as Neue Schlachkliet. This movement, saw a progression in modern views and an attempt to undermine the Weimar government by exposing the issues faced through literature, theatre and film. The need for educational and social reform was well documented and although this did not bode well for the Weimar government it definitely showed progress in attitudes of the general public. The conservative nature of many Germans could still be found and also classed as a social progress in the form of anti-democratic writings and films that promoted the glory of the First World war. The two social ideas both grew in this period, but neither celebrated the Weimar Government so whilst it was undoubtedly social progress it was not productive for the Weimar republic. There is definitely a case for political calm, economic development and social progress in the mid-1920’s but they were not necessarily the advances  that would warrant the term ‘golden years’. The political calm was only due to a lack of serious opposition to the government but still they could not successfully form an effective coalition government and whilst the economy did improve in this time the provisions made were short-sighted and the country was over-reliant on foreign investments. Whilst social progress was made in this era it is easy to see that the progress wasnot in the name of democracy and presented the Weimar government with future problems as popular ideology differed from what they promoted.

Balance Sheet and Annual Financial Statements

The directors are responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the annual financial statements of the Company and Group, comprising the directors’ report, the statements of financial position as at June 2013, the statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and the notes to the financial statements, which include a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory notes, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and the requirements of the Companies Act of South Africa. The directors are satisfied that the information contained in the annual financial statements fairly represents the financial position at year-end and the financial performance and cash flows of the Company and Group. The directors are also responsible for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and for maintaining adequate accounting records and an effective system of risk management as well as the preparation of the supplementary schedules included in these financial statements. The directors believe that the Company and Group have adequate resources to continue trading as a going concern in the foreseeable future. The annual financial statements support the viability of the Company and the Group. The Group’s external auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers Incorporated, audited the Company and Group annual financial statements, and their report is presented on page 5. The external auditors were given unrestricted access to all financial records and related data, including minutes of all meetings of shareholders, the board of directors and committees of the board. The directors believe that all representations made to the independent auditors during their audit are valid and appropriate. Approval of Annual Financial Statements The Company and Group annual financial statements of Shoprite Holdings Ltd, as identified in the first paragraph, were approved by the Board of directors on 19 August 2013 and signed on its behalf by: CH Wiese Chairman JW Basson Chief Executive Officer Certificate of the Company Secretary In terms of section 88(2)(e) of the Companies Act no 71 of 2008 (as amended) I, PG du Preez, in my capacity as Company Secretary, confirm that for the year ended 30 June 2013, the Company has lodged with the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission, all such returns as are required of a public company in terms of the Companies Act and that all such returns and notices are true, correct and up to date. PG du Preez Company Secretary 19 August 2013 Directors’ Report Shoprite Holdings Ltd and its Subsidiaries 2 NATURE OF BUSINESS Shoprite Holdings Limited (â€Å"Shoprite Holdings†) is an investment holding company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange Limited (â€Å"JSE†) in the â€Å"food retailers wholesalers† sector. Secondary listings are also maintained on the Namibian and Zambian Stock Exchanges. supermarket premises or developing new shopping centres to accommodate one of the Group’s supermarket formats. New retail developments and the redevelopment of existing properties are supervised through every stage of the planning-, design- and construction process. SHOPRITE INVESTMENTS LTD: SHOPRITE HOLDINGS COMPRISES OF THE FOLLOWING MAIN SUBSIDIARIES: As a wholly owned subsidiary of Shoprite Holdings, Shoprite Investments conducts the Group’s treasury function and financing of credit sales to third parties. SHOPRITE CHECKERS (PTY) LTD: Supermarkets: Serves a broad customer base through our Shoprite, Checkers, Checkers Hyper and Usave store formats. Supply Chain Management: Supplies the Group’s outlets in South Africa and 16 Non-RSA countries. The Group prides itself in running a state-ofthe-art distribution operation and became the first South African retailer to receive the ISO 9002 accreditation for import and export handling. Fast Foods: The Hungry Lion chain now boasts modern, well-designed stores with an inescapable focus on fried chicken and operates outlets within South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia, Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Franchise: The OK Franchise Division’s stores offer a wide range of perishable and non-perishable food items and liquor under the OK, Friendly Grocer, 7-Eleven, Megasave en Sentra brands. Freshmark: Freshmark is the Group’s fruit and vegetable procurement and distribution arm and supplies fresh produce to the Group’s retail outlets. As one of the largest buyers of fresh produce in South Africa, Freshmark also imports fruit and vegetables to ensure a wide variety and continuity of traditionally seasonal fresh produce. Liquor Stores: Trading under the Shoprite and Checkers LiquorShop brands respectively, the liquor shops have extended the Group’s offering by providing a selection of wines, beers and a wide range of premium spirits to its customers. Meat Markets: The Group’s meat market division is the largest retailer of fresh meat on the African continent. Customers are served through in-store butcheries that employ qualified butchers and technicians. Money Markets: Money Markets offer a comprehensive range of financial services and products to the Group’s customers through dedicated in-store service counters. Furniture: The Furniture division offers furniture, electrical appliances and home entertainment products to customers for cash or credit through its OK Furniture, OK Power Express and House Home outlets in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland, Lesotho, Zambia, Mozambique and Angola. Pharmacies and wholesale distribution: MediRite’s in-store pharmacies offer consumers an easy access to affordable healthcare and healthcare professionals. These in-store dispensaries currently operate throughout South Africa and also in Angola and Swaziland. The Group’s pharmaceutical wholesaler, Transpharm, sells and distributes a wide range of pharmaceutical products and surgical equipment to hospitals and clinics, dispensing doctors, veterinary surgeons and private and corporate pharmacies. Properties: This division is tasked with the responsibility of expanding the supermarket portfolio through the identification and leasing of new SHOPRITE HOLDINGS LTD ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2013 COMPUTICKET (PTY) LTD: As a premier ticketing solution provider and one of the most recognised brand names, Computicket offers theatre, concert, festival, sport and cinema tickets along with bus tickets and gift vouchers through a network of outlets located across South Africa and Namibia, a call centre as well as the Computicket website. Computicket also offers travel packages. SHOPRITE INTERNATIONAL LTD: Incorporated in the Republic of Mauritius, Shoprite International is the holding company for the majority of the Group’s non-South African retail and property investments. SHOPRITE INSURANCE COMPANY LTD: Provides first and third party short-term insurance to the Group and its customers. OTHER GROUP SUBSIDIARIES: The interests of Shoprite Holdings in other subsidiaries are set out on page  69 of the Annual Financial Statements. FINANCIAL REVIEW The Group’s headline earnings per share amounts to 675,4 cents for the year (2012: 607,0 cents). Details of the profit of Shoprite Holdings and its subsidiaries are contained in the statement of comprehensive income on page 7 with reference to the operating segment information on page 23. The financial position of Shoprite Holdings and its subsidiaries are recorded in the statement of financial position on page 6. Further details are furnished in the notes to the annual financial statements on page 10 to 68. The Group’s net asset value per share as at 30 June 2013 was 2  837 cents (2012: 2  382 cents). DISTRIBUTION TO SHAREHOLDERS PREFERENCE DIVIDENDS Details are reflected in note 27 to the Group’s Annual Financial Statements. ORDINARY DIVIDENDS An interim cash dividend (no. 128) of 123 cents per share was paid on 18  March 2013. A final dividend (no. 129) of 215 cents per share, is payable on 16 September 2013, bringing the total dividend for the year to 338 cents (2012: 303 cents) per ordinary share. 3 SHARE CAPITAL The authorised share capital of Shoprite Holdings remained unchanged at 650 000 000 (six hundred and fifty million) ordinary shares of 113,4 cents (one hundred and thirteen comma four cents) each. There was no movement in the number of issued Shoprite Holdings ordinary shares which remained at 570 579 460 shares of 113,4 cents each. On 28 June 2012, shareholders approved the issue of an additional 13  803  405 non-convertible, non-participating, no par value deferred shares in the share capital of Shoprite Holdings to Thibault Square Financial Services (Pty) Ltd pursuant to the issue of 27  100  000 ordinary shares during the previous reporting period. These deferred shares were however only issued on 25 July 2012. As at 30 June 2013, 35 436 472 (6,2%) ordinary shares were held as treasury shares by a wholly owned subsidiary of Shoprite Holdings. GOING CONCERN The annual financial statements of the Group were prepared on a going concern basis. The Board has performed a formal review of the Group’s results and its ability to continue trading as a going concern in the foreseeable future. The directors of Shoprite Holdings confirm that they are satisfied that the Group has adequate resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future. During the reporting period the following special resolutions were passed by main Group subsidiaries: SHOPRITE CHECKERS (PTY) LTD – Special resolution number 1: Approval of new Memorandum of Incorporation; and – Special resolution number 2: Financial Assistance to Subsidiaries, Related and inter-related entities. SHOPRITE INVESTMENTS LTD – Special resolution number 1: Approval of new Memorandum of Incorporation. COMPUTICKET (PTY) LTD – Special resolution number 1: Approval of new Memorandum of Incorporation. SHOPRITE INTERNATIONAL LTD Special resolution number 1: Approval of new Constitution. SHOPRITE INSURANCE COMPANY LTD – Special resolution number 1: Approval of new Memorandum of Incorporation. BORROWINGS DIRECTORS AND SECRETARY Shoprite Holdings has unlimited borrowing powers in terms of its Memorandum of Incorporation. The Group’s overall level of debt increased from R4  035 million to R4  151 million during the financial year under review. The directors’ names and details are furnished on pages 8 and 9 and the company secretary’s name, business and postal address on page 67 of the Integrated Report. In terms of the Memorandum of Incorporation of Shoprite Holdings (â€Å"the MOI†), no less than one third of the non-executive directors shall retire by rotation at each Annual General Meeting. Dr CH Wiese, Messrs EC Kieswetter, JA Louw and JF Malherbe retire as directors, in terms of paragraph 33. 5. 1 of the MOI of the Company, at the Annual General Meeting. Dr CH Wiese, Messrs EC Kieswetter and JA  Louw have offered themselves for re-election as directors of Shoprite Holdings. The board supports the re-election of these directors. SPECIAL RESOLUTIONS At the Annual General Meeting of Shoprite Holdings held on 29 October 2012, shareholders approved the following special resolutions: – Special resolution number 1: Remuneration payable to Non-Executive Directors; – Special resolution number 2: Financial Assistance to Subsidiaries, Related and inter-related entities; – Special resolution number 3: Financial Assistance for Subscription of Securities; – Special resolution number 4: General Approval to repurchase shares; and – Special resolution number 5: Approval of new Memorandum of Incorporation as proposed by the Board. Directors’ Report (continued) The company’s directors are responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated and separate financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements of the Companies Act of South Africa, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated and separate financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITY Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated and separate financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated and separate financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. OPINION In our opinion, the consolidated and separate financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated and separate financial position of Shoprite Holdings Limited as at 30 June 2013, and its consolidated and separate financial performance and its consolidated and separate cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements of the Companies Act of South Africa. OTHER REPORTS REQUIRED BY THE COMPANIES ACT As part of our audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2013, we have read the Directors’ Report, the Audit Committee’s Report and the Company Secretary’s Certificate for the purpose of identifying whether there are material inconsistencies between these reports and the audited consolidated and separate financial statements. These reports are the responsibility of the respective preparers. Based on reading these reports we have not identified material inconsistencies between these reports and the audited consolidated and separate financial statements. The  most significant assumptions and estimates used in applying the Group’s accounting policies relate to the following: a) Impairment of assets: The Group performs a review of loss-making stores and considers the need for the impairment of assets under these circumstances. This determination requires significant judgment. The Group evaluates amongst other things, the duration and extent of the losses, the near-term business outlook for the store, and the possible redeployment of the assets between stores. Refer to notes 3, 9 and 26. Useful lives of assets: In determining the depreciation and amortisation charge for property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, management applies judgment in estimating the useful lives and residual values of these different asset classes. Refer to notes 3, 9 and 21. c) Income taxes: The Group is subject to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the worldwide accrual for income taxes. The Group recognises liabilities for anticipated uncertain income tax positions based on estimates of potential additional taxes due. With regards to deferred income tax assets for unutilised income tax losses, judgment is also required to whether sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these losses can be utilised. Refer to notes 1. 11 and 28. d) Allowances for doubtful debts: Trade receivables include instalment sale debtors and franchise debtors for which allowances for impairment are made in accordance with the accounting policy in note 1. 15. These calculations involve the discounting of projected future cash flows and require the use of estimates. Details regarding the allowances are set out in note 12. e) Employee benefit accruals and provisions: Various assumptions are applied in determining the valuations of post-retirement medical benefits, share based payment accruals and long term employee benefits as set out in notes 1. 20, 1. 22, 14, 17 and 35. Estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying value of assets and liabilities in a subsequent year relate to the following: income taxes; allowances for doubtful debts and employee benefit allowances. All estimates and underlying assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis of judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and any affected future periods. Use of adjusted measures The measures listed below are presented as management believes it to be relevant to the understanding of the Group’s financial performance. These measures are used for internal performance analysis and provide additional useful information on underlying trends to equity holders. These measures are not defined terms under IFRS and may therefore not be comparable with similarly titled measures reported by other entities. It is not intended to be a substitute for, or superior to, measures as required by IFRS. a) Trading profit on the face of the statement of comprehensive income, being the Group’s operating results excluding foreign exchange rate differences and income or expenditure of a capital nature. b) Income or expenditure of a capital nature on the face of the statement of comprehensive income, being all re-measurements excluded from the calculation of headline earnings per share in accordance with the guidance contained in SAICA Circular 3/2012: Headline Earnings. The principal items that will be included under this measure are: gains and losses on disposal and scrapping of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and assets held for sale; impairments or reversal of impairments; any non-trading items such as gains and losses on disposal of investments, operations and subsidiaries. c) Interest received on the face of the statement of comprehensive income, being only interest received on call and operating bank account balances. Subsidiaries Subsidiaries are entities (including special purpose entities) which are, directly or indirectly, controlled by the Group. Control is established where the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another.

Prophet Mohammed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Prophet Mohammed - Essay Example Many are the times that the grandfather was escorted by Mohammed on official duties in the temple. The lonely life of a Sheppard that Mohammed led to the nurturing of the skills required in leading the life of a prophet. In addition, the environment in his early life provided him with the skill set fit to lead and guide people. The reason as to why Mohammed took on prophecy is a blur but at the time, the town of Mecca was filled with many nomadic. These tribes were rivals with each other and they had their own gods and beliefs. This religious diversity at the time was the root of all enmity. At forty years old, Mohammed aspired to become a reformer and hence assumed leadership of a secret society. This organizations goal was to ensure unity in terms of religion and politics among the Arabs. He had come to the realization that with unity comes power. After seeking insight from the Jews and Christians, Mohammed determined that one supreme God was key to achieving his goal of unity amon g the Arabs. After conviction of his call to prophesy, this secret society with its own rules whereby they prayed to one supreme God grew exponentially and is otherwise known as Islam (Margoliouth 86). Mohammed as a prophet had a lot of accomplishments in his time. Hence, he is perceived as one of the greatest people in the Muslim community. He is the founder of the Islamic religion. At a time when there were numerous religious groups each having their own gods among the Arabic people, Mohammed was able to unite the Arabs by forming a secret society. This secret society later became publicized and became the Islamic community. Islam spread out exponentially throughout Mecca whereby they spread the ideology of worshipping and praying to one supreme God. Islam has become a way of life in our society among the Muslim community. It has lead to the peaceful coexistence of people due. This is because Islam gives an individual a sense of inner peace, which results to one having peace of mi nd. The Islamic religion preaches the need to have peaceful relation people of different ethnicities and religious backgrounds. This, as a result, promotes world peace. Islam is also seen to promote peace between an individual and his creator. This paves way for having a blessed life free from sin. Islamic religion is also important because it advocates for submission to God’s will. Submitting to God’s will translate to submitting to God, which is the reason to the founding of the Islamic religion. The Islamic religion and culture supports the union in marriage between Muslims in the society. It is God’s will that man and woman join together in the bond of marriage; the Islamic religion is seen to fulfill this will of God by supporting marriage. It also provides guidance to married couples, which promote long lasting relationships. Above all traits, Islam has promoted unity among people. This unity has come to realization as a result of Islam spreading the messa ge of peace throughout. This has paid off owing to the fact that Islam has spread widely to all corners of the world. Hence, Muslims have been able to coexist peacefully with other religious groups promoting world peace (murata and Chittick 125). Mohammed had become the leader of a vast community; Islam looked up to him for guidance. With Islam becoming a religion that spread vastly throughout the world, there arose the need to create a distinguished place whereby the Islamic

Letter of reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter of reference - Essay Example Roses leadership. This was no faint praise and Mr. Rose should be very proud of his contribution to this program. At our university, Mr. Rose has shown his overall interest in developing our English program. In cooperation with the US Embassy, Seoul Korea, in October 2010, he arranged a sponsorship to financially fund the Fellowship program for a number of personnel from our university to attend the KOTESOL (Korean TESOL Seminar) held in Seoul, Korea. Bringing all of this together required a great deal of imagination, fortitude, and perseverance. Mr. Rose deserves all of the credit. In regards to office policies and interpersonal relationships with our staff, Mr. Rose has blended in quite well. He has demonstrated his ability to show respect for our office policies and his willingness to work in a cooperative manner. Mr. Rose works very well in team situations and has always developed a good rapport with peers, co-workers, and students. He clearly enjoys enjoys teamwork while simultaneously possessing the motivation and knowledge to work efficiently and independently on major projects in an independent manner. He works extremely well under pressure and has always been able to put his best forward and receive top results.   Mr. Rose is an excellent organizer and deals effectively both with technical people and with those to whom he reports. He is kind and gentle. Superior under stress, Mr. Rose actually appears to become more calm and more patient as stress escalates or conflicts emerge, making him an extremely valuable lead team member who can inspire excellent performance, ensure accountability, and build bridges even under duress. In short, I would consider any company or institution very lucky to have Mr. Rose join it, as he is virtually a shoo-in for creating the atmosphere and structure necessary to bring together a successful project. His qualities and work ethic underpin success. I

They Thought They Were Free Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

They Thought They Were Free - Essay Example The Versailles Treaty punished the losing Germans severely. Weapons production of any kind was banned. A heavy monetary cost of the war was also levied against Germany. Many Germans were over taxed, unemployed, and morally defeated. Adolf Hitler was one of these Germans. He wanted to change Germany. Hitler did not get up and make a speech about killing six million Jews, or starting a war that killed twelve million more. He did not get up and promise a war that would devastate Germany forever. Hitler promised a prosperous Germany. The promise of a good economy was the first bit that seduced the German people. The second seduction was national German pride. After the German loss during World War I, the German morale was at an all time low. Germans wanted a reason to believe in Germany. Hitler gave them those reasons. The pride, economic boost, and strong government helped the Germans regain a proud nation. The concentration camps, war, and death all came gradually. Heinrich Hildebrandt , interviewed by Mayor, explained: "What happened here was the gradual habituation of the people, little by little, to being governed by surprise; to receiving decisions deliberated in secret; to believing that the situation was so complicated that the government had to act on information which the people could not understand, or so dangerous that, even if the people could not understand it, it could not be released because of national security. And their sense of identification with Hitler, their trust in him, made it easier to widen this gap and reassured those who would otherwise have worried about it.† (1971:166). The evilness of the Third Reich came about gradually. The Nazis groomed the regular German citizens. As Major pointed out anti-Semitism was a way of life in Kronenberg since the Middle Ages. As the Race Laws started to take effect, many Germans including those in Kronenberg were not too upset. The isolation of the Jews had been a way of life for centuries. Thus w hen Kristallnacht occurred on November 9, 1938 the people of Kronenberg probably did not realize what was really going on. Kristallnacht was also justified by the killing of a German diplomat in Paris, France by a Jew. The Germans really thought that the Jews were trying to attack them. They wanted a little retribution by burning the Synagogues and smashing Jewish business’ windows. The German people at this time did not think six million Jews would die as the result of this action. When SA Kuhling ordered the Synagogue to be burned, Sturmfurher Schwenke, an unemployed tailor, followed orders. Not all of the Nazis, especially the leaders or SS were mentally stable. For example, Sturmfurher Schwenke had wet the bet until he was twenty-two years old (Major 1971:22). The Nazis put the brutal mentally off men in charge of other innocent civilians. People like Gustav Schwenke would not have balked at an order that made them feel important. The momentum then swept the other German citizens away. If World War II had not broke out, maybe the German citizens might have spoken out more. However Hitler and the Nazi government would use the war to justify everything. Jews were resettled to prevent them from working with the enemy. The Americans did the same with Japanese Americans. It seemed logical. Even if Germans became uneasy they did

Disease or Diseases that affect the Rabbit Case Study

Disease or Diseases that affect the Rabbit - Case Study Example In addition, by the time rabbits show signs of illnesses, their condition begins to deteriorate rapidly making it difficult for any intervention method. Therefore, for the majority of illnesses, many vets have stated that vaccination is one of the most ideal approaches. One of the most common diseases affecting rabbits are bacterial infections which lead to the formation of an abscess. This is usually an accumulation of pus with in a cavity that is located in the jaw area. However, it is not limited to this location and can be found on many different parts of the body. This disease is easily avoidable by reducing the fighting between rabbits and ensuring that they are not exposed to injury from sharp septic objects. Since prevention is not always possible the treatment may be required and this disease is easier to detect as it is visible on the rabbit. The abscess is lacerated and the wound is disinfected with peroxide (Meridith, 2003). Rabbits At times also suffer from caked milk production, which occurs when a rabbit has too much milk for the number of kittens. Therefore, this milk is not utilized and leads to this pathology as the ratio of breastfeeds does not correlate with that of milk production. The disease is often mistaken for mastitis as it has a fairly similar presentation. The rabbit’s mamillary glands will become hard, swollen and extremely painful. The disease can be prevented by reducing the amount of food tat is rationed daily which in turn reduces the amount of milk that is produced. This process has shown to yield excellent results within 7 days. There are also some other methods which are used for treatment and these include relieving of congestion by partially milking the rabbit and also massaging anti-inflammatory ointment around the affected breast area. This in turn will reduce the pain that is felt

Law of Banking and Financial Institutions Benchmark Assignment

Law of Banking and Financial Institutions Benchmark - Assignment Example However, the general process that applies under the New York law for the incorporation of a bank is that; first, the organizers file a notice of intent for forming the bank. This notification of resolved is required to contain all the names of the principal directors/owners of the bank and nature of capital set aside for the operation of the bank. Second, the law requires that the organizers serve the nearby banks with a notice informing them of the intended new bank to be set in the country or locality. Subsequently, the bank is required to have a minimum number of five incorporators and in its application describe the classes of stock that it wishes to register and trade. Additionally, in the event that the nature of the bank to be formed is under the management of private bankers, they would be required to pass a fitness test for banking, have a minimal permanent capital amount of $1 million, and not engage in any purchases of real estate’s investments. In addition, the general limit is set for real estate loans that they are allowed to in the event of an unimproved realty. This limit is two-thirds of the reality and three-quarters of the reality when it improves (Bender, 2012). The statutes also restrict the bank from having any dealings with similar businesses. In other instances, the organizers of the bank will need to organize regular meetings with the Comptroller of Currency’s office and attend informal conferences with regard to the application. Based on these meetings, the formal application of the bank will take place with the submission to the District Office where the bank will be situated. After this, the public opinion is sought for a period of 30 days from other parties of interest before the final declaration of the bank’s application status (Asser, 2001). Given that the application is satisfactory, the Comptroller issues a letter of preliminary approval. From the date of preliminary approval, the law requires that the  bank begin operations within 18 months.

Things Fall Apart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Things Fall Apart - Essay Example They knew that they would capture the natives in their trap which was in form of assistance (Okpewho 32). With respect to the coming of the white man in the village, the white religion started. The villagers thought that it was good to adapt, follow it and this caused them to continue changing with time. Could not withstand the forces of the changing people who could not stick to their traditional way of living Okonkwo followed the community’s traditions strictly all the times. For example, he beat his wife Ojiugo who failed to do her duty of preparing a meal for her husband and the entire family because she came late after plaiting her hair. The wife adapted the British lifestyle whereby women had the rights to do what they wished because they had power while the African culture, the role of a woman in the society was to make sure that she handled all the responsibilities assigned to her with great commitment. For example, according to the religion, during the peace week, no one was right to beat anyone. Okonkwo did it because according to his culture it was right to beat a woman any time when she wronged. Probably, he forgot that it was against the practices of the African culture to do it during the peace week. According to the beliefs, he committed an offence unacceptable to the gods. (33).The introduction of the white’s religion caused so many changes to the natives of t he Lbo society for it prevented them practice their culture and beliefs. In addition, the coming of the white man in the society caused confusion to Okonkwo’s traditions and ended committing suicide. This was an abomination in the African culture and beliefs. Ibo villagers’ way of living continued to show great diversity as by 1900’s because of the British who wanted their culture to dominate in the area and the villagers started absorbing it. Native values of the community went on diminishing. Okonkwo’s son, ‘Nwoye’ was always calm, cool,

Germination experiment Essay Example for Free

Germination experiment Essay Method: 1. Put some soil in every beaker and make sure it is almost the same amount 2. Place 5 beans inside each beaker at the same level beneath the soil 3. Pour 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ml of water in each beaker respectively and keep watering them every 2 days 4. Leave the beakers close to a good light source 5. After a week record the length of the stem of the plants in each beaker Variables: 1. Dependant: Height and growth of the plants 2. Independent: Amount of water 3. Controlled: Where the beakers are placed, amount of soil, amount of seeds, type of seeds, how often the plats are watered (Initially it was decided that the amount of water we would use would be 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ml but we decided to lower the amount of water so that the plants wouldn’t drown) Results: amount of water (ml) Length of plants (cm) average length (cm) Â   Conclusion: The first thing we can see from the results is a boundary in the amount of water in relation with the beaker size and the amount of soil. In the table we can see that after the 20ml of water the seeds drowned and so they didn’t grew at all. But if we take in comparison the length of the plants in the beaker with 20ml with the one with 10ml we can see that with more water the germination takes place faster. For example in the results table we have the average growth of the plant of about 10. 5 cm and in the 20ml an average growth of 17. 8, so evidently we can say that the hight the amount of water, the faster the seeds will germinate and the higher they will grow. Evaluation: I think that in general this experiment was carried out fairly in terms of the type of seed, thay were kept in a well lit place, all the beakers had the same soil and the same amount of it, etc. The problem was that the plants were drowned so we couldn’t get a good set of results, so if he experiment had to be carried out again I would set a limit of water to allow the plants to actualy germinate.

How to Promote Tourism

How to Promote Tourism In the 1960s, internet was used to applying computers for sharing information on research and development in scientific and military fields. In 1962 a global network of computers was proposed by Licklider of MIT. The developing progress of using internet continued till 1991 when Tim Berners Lee proposed the concept of HTML .With the advent of the web browser, the internet has grown to become a information supplier and in the recent years a commercialization tool. The origin of the commercial use of internet mostly contained of vendors providing basic networking products, and basic internet services. Nowadays Internet is used as an global information infrastructure for supporting other commercial services (Baggio, 2007; Wu, 2010).In the last decades the performance of organizations and their competing way have influenced by internet (Porter, 1993). On the other hand internet has created a new economic environment for doing business, providing rapid communication of information, access ible globally and negligible cost (Rayman-Bacchus Molina, 2001). Internet provides a great deal of information directly accessible at low costs on prices, products and gain opportunities. The efficiency of internet has been increased by the multiplication of infomediaries offering easier access to the information, the creation of shopbots comparing prices or selecting sites according different choice criteria(Smith Brynjolfsson, 2001). Tourism and internet Tourism is particularly adapted to highlight the nature of the upheavals implied by the development of internet in service activities and it was one of the primal industries applying internet and electronic commerce (Buhalis, 1998; Oconnor Frew, 2008). Internet has enabled tourism industry to broadcast tourism and travel related information to customers all around the world , in a direct, cost minimizing , and time effective way(Buhalis, 1998; Inkpen Board, 1998; Poon, 1993; Sheldon, 1997). The era of mass communication has transformed the tourist gaze( Rayman-Bacchus and Molina 2001 p.592).The develpoment of the internet empowered the new tourist who is becoming knowledgeable and is seeking exceptional value for money and time. Internet is not only a source of information but also an important vector of transactions. Online sales is growing considerably in tourism industry (Jeong Ohand Mary, 2003; Weber, Murphy, Schegg, Murphy, 2005).The number of online sales is increasing dramatically with a large number of successful online booking platforms in the different areas of tourism such as transportation, accommodation, package deals or regional offers(Gratzer, Werthner, Winiwarter, 2004) and most tourism organizations such as hotels, airlines, and travel agencies have applied internet technologies as part of their marketing and communication strategies (Buhalis Law, 2008). The result of an European study about the use of internet in tourism showed that the use of internet for marketing purpose is more common in touism industry comparing with other industries. Finding showed that among tourism related industries, air travels and hotels apply internet marketing more than others. More than one in three tourist enterprise in Europe( or twice as many as in other sectors combined) sell their products online and this share is increasingly rapidly (European Commission 2003). Internet marketing is suitable for tourism services because of their intangibility as well as high price, risk, and involvement levels. By online searches, travelers can access to more in-depth materials and deeper content compared with conventional promotional agents(Govers FM, 2003). Internet is the most popular channel to research information, find the best price and reservation for travelers (Laudon Traver, 2001). Countries use internet to promote tourism to gain advantages such as (Buhalis Law, 2008) : Enhancement in the competitiveness and performance of tourism industry businesses ,creating opportunity for selling tourism product to potential tourists , displaying information at electronic speed, Distribution costs are decreased and an increasing proportion of internet users are buying online and tourism will gain a larger and larger share of online customer market.(Lu Lu, 2004), Direct communication is created between tourism suppliers and tourists for purchasing services and also requesting information. As a result travel suppliers can understand each customers needs, and therefore target each customer individually and deliver tailor-made products(Buhalis Law 2008). It is needless to say that it is essential that in order to obtain competitive advantage, a tourism enterprise/destination must use IT well before its competitors otherwise it would not be able to achieve any competitive advantage. For example American Hospital Supply made an innovative use of online order entry t erminals before its competitors and captured lions share of market (Eraqi, 2006). Several tourism organizations/destinations have exploited IT in their pursuit of competitive advantage. It is, however, not necessary that a tourism organization/destination achieving competitive edge will always sustain it because their competitors can copy IT easily and quickly and new IT capabilities are also available to every competitor in the market(OBrien, 1992). However, tourist business sector managers need to align IT strategies to their business strategies and take the dimensions of e-quality into consideration such as performance, features, reliability, durability, serviceability, conformance, perceived quality and aesthetics (Madu Madu, 2002) when making decision related to the use of IT for effective tourism strategic marketing(Eraqi, 2009) Tourism organization/destination management must understand that IT is only a tool and competitive advantage can only be achieved via creative and in novative use of that tool (Morrison et. al. 2000; Fuchs 2004). In addition to these advantages , it is suggested that public agencies involved in tourism development also are increasingly using the internet. These agencies use internet to promote the attractions of their respective nations, enhancing the economic benefits by :hypertext links to commercial service providers, varying degrees of interactivity ; and 3) accessibility in multiple languages( Rayman-Bacchus and Molina 2001). Chalwon Kim (2004) did a research to recognize problems and solutions related electronic commerce in the tourism industry in Korea. Inform. The findings showed that benefits of e-commerce from the view point of cutomers are : providing easy access to information on tourism services, providing better information on tourism services and providing convenience for customers. This research suggested that security of the e-commerce system and user-friendly web interface are the two key factors for successful tourism e-commerce practice Representation of tourism place in the internet In the tourism industry creation and promotion of destination images is the specific aspect of place representation. A destination image is the picture which those promoting a country-government travel bureaus, airlines, hotels, service industries, and travel companies- wish to portray to outsiders, particularly foreign tourists(Jenkins, 1999). The destination image reflects how the promoter views the country and what aspects of its people, landscape, and culture they wish to recognize. In tourism industry promoters ary to present positive of the countrys history and attractions, to attract visitors. Guide books, brochures, maps and websites are the products using by promoters to entice visitors(Price, 2008).Because of the popularity of using internet as the primary information source, among tourists ,travel information mediums, such as travel websites are important destination image indicators. The number of tourists that use internet to find destination information is increasing dr amatically . In the other hand internet has become the major information source for traveler (Doolin, Burgess, Cooper, 2002; Gursoy McCleary, 2004; Price, 2008; Wiig). A website looks to be a major tool to conduct business in the tourism field( and, probably, it will be the only one in the future) tool to conduct business in the tourism field (Doolin, et al., 2002). Jackson and Purcell (1997 p. 220) note that the internet allows users (i.e. tourism companies) to present information to their target audience without an intermediary to censor or structure the data in either content or form. In their analysis of the websites of states once part of Yugoslavia, they found that the states used symbolic imagery and text to strengthen the users perceptions of place (Purcell,1997 p.235).So tourism providers need to understand how to maximize the persuasiveness of their websites. In the other hand the principal role of destination website is affecting travel- related decision making, convert ing potential tourists to real visitors . Because of high competition among travel and hospitality , market leaders and followers should differentiate their websites by developing creative measures to attract and satisfy customers (Pastore, 2001). Pastore (2001) noted that leading travel companies have been absorbing online customers, gaining purchase decisions and building a satisfying experience , so creating customer loyalty and repeat purchase intention. It is essential for tourism companies to use new technological development and fullest potential of internet by continuously redesigning their websites ,creating ease of use and more personalization(Baloglu Pekcan, 2006; Connolly, Olsen, Moore, 1998). Because of high rate of competition among tourism industry, importance of website design as a marketing medium is becoming increasingly important . Web should not be only considered as an communication channel for decreasing physical interaction but also as an advertising medium(Rowley, 2004). Effective web design leads t o attract, entice, and retain the online traveler(D. Kim, Morrison, Taylor, Lee, 2004). There are some factors which, contributes to the proliferation of travel on the internet including: making websites easy to use, improving the tourism website information, improving the functionality of travel sites like advance check in, printing of flight status check and using the software that has designed to anticipate users wants based on their travel history and preferences (Transportation Group International, L.C.,2002). Doolin, Burgess, and Cooper (2002, p. 557) state thatthe internet, which offers global reach and multimedia capability, is an increasingly important means of promoting and distributing tourist information. Destination websites have developed to market and promote local, regional, or national destinations(Blain, Levy, Ritchie, 2005; Palmer McCole, 2000).After introducing first travel websites in the mid-1990s (Blain, et al., 2005), gaining these benefits were expected including: increasing market share, absorbing new customers, retaining more customers and increasing customer satisfaction (Sussmann Baker, 1996). Destination websites have been and continue to be challenged online particularly with regard to their level of sophistication, quality of websites, diversity of travel websites, as well as online marketing and promotion (Hudson Lang, 2002). The result of a study done by Choi, Wong and Fesenmaier (2006) revealed that design of destination websites, promotional strategies and customer relationship management programs have effects on success of web-marketing strategies. Tourism websites use online marketing in different capacities. For instance ,Hudson and Lang(2002) stated however ease of use factor that enables visitors navigate quickly through websites ,has noticed only in few tourism website designs. Another example is that some destination websites are still use elementary level of website features, without style and elegance , displaying information in a brochure-like mode, and low level of interaction ( Wang Fesenmaier, 2006). For instance destination websites should have deep information mostly regarding to attractions, shopping, restaurants, accommodation, and directions. It is worth considering that some tourism websites have advanced and effective features compare with their competitors. Interactivity , personalization, e-commerce related capabilities , and recommendation capabilities are some ways to increase the level of sophistication of travel websites (Wang Fesenmaier,2006). Furthermore, the content of tourism destination websites is particularly important because it directly influences the perceived image of the destination and creates a virtual experience for the consumer (Cooper 2002, p. 157). When visitors are new to the website and destination, experience and judgments made from surfing the website influence the overall image of the destination and the decision making process of whether or not to travel to the destination. If the destination image portrayed on the website is not satisfactory or the website is not well-designed and contains insufficient information, travellers are less likely to form a good impression towards a destination which, in turn, negatively influences the decision making process. There is a relationship between a positive experience and judgment formed through interaction with the destinaqtion website and actual visiting (Bar, Neta, Linz, 2006; Borkenau Liebler, 1992; Kenny, Horner, Kashy, Chu, 1992; Zebrowitz Collins, 1997). For example Wu (2010) analyzed 61 local tourism government websites in China and evaluated the effectiveness of the local tourism e-government with content analysis from the following aspects: website usage, administrative agencies, administration affairs, information service, administration service online and website design. The research suggested some improvements for the tourism government including: providing electronic map, connect telephone and multi media for download, building bbs or forum for advice, improving declare online for tourism practitioners and sett ing up feedback mechanism, making the website more attractive to enhance the usage efficiency. Website design It is important to indentify which factors lead to the success of a website. Web design is a key factor for the website success (Flavian, Gurrea, Orà ºs, 2009) and it is necessary for companies to compete in the extremely competitive World Wide Web (Liang Lai, 2002; Ranganathan Ganapathy, 2002; Tan Wei, 2007). The website designing has been studied from different points of view(Childers, Carr, Peck, Carson, 2001; Hoque Lohse, 1999; S. Kim Stoel, 2004; Liang Lai, 2002).Web designing is the process of creating an artefact with structure of form which is planned, artistic, purposeful, and useful(cato 2001 ,p.3). A successful website is the attractive, trustworthy, dependable, and reliable for customers (Liu Arnett, 2000). From a consumer point of view , all these characteristics should be considered in website designing in order to increase online visits or purchase intensions (cato 2001). Following this concept Flavian (2009) did a research to identify website aspects that in fluence users perceptions and behaviours from a marketing point of view .An extensive literature review was developed emphasising the special role that web design could play in the interaction user-interface. Besides, the methodology related to benchmarking allows firms to know the best practices and to learn some key lessons for developing their business online. The research proposed a guidelines for the development of successful e-commerce websites. Appearance ,Navigation, Content and Shopping process are the key aspects that shoud be considered in order to improve e-commerce websites. In the guidelines some tools have introduced for each aspect . Guidelines are basis for development of websites but some website designers without considering visitors needs , only notice to challenges of technology, designing sophisticated websites (Zhang 2005). Industry experts and consultants have proposed different frameworks and guidelines for designing commercial websites , but there is no uni fied view on its key characteristics .The key characteristics of commercial websites can be divided to design and content. Information, features and offering services by website consist content, while the way of presenting content to customers refers to website design(Huizingh, 2000). Buying process can be divided to two stages: information evaluation and information search. Purchase decision process is affected by the content of website. The website information should be sufficient for decision making, but not too much , resulting in information overload (Taylor Joudrey, 2004). Users should be allowed locate and select merchandise that best satisfies their needs. Not only information content but also navigation tools influences the usefulness of websites. Navigation toolslike search engines help users to locate merchandise and related information in a website (Krug, 2005).For example users of Cdnow.com can search based on the song title, album title and artist name. Before final purchase decision , consumers tend to evaluate of alternatives. Online shopping creates the opportunity to comparison of alternatives. Decision aids have positive influence on online purchase decisions .Some websites like Excite and My Simon offer decision aids , helping users for making product-price comparisons. For instance in Dells web site (www.dell.com) , consumer custom build a computer and compare prices for different computer configurations. Another example is Priceline website which offers calender as a decision aid. Decision aids can be useful in tourism destination websites. For instance destination website n can offer tools for trip-price comparisons based on different accommodations etc. Another significant different between traditional retailing and online selling is related to the extent of interaction between customer and seller. Commercial websites should serve electronic interactivity by means of email and frequently asked questions (FAQs),answering qu estions about products and services or payment. However consumers visit websites with FAQ more than websites without it, FAQ section and interactive email are not seen in many websites. Traditional FAQ sections helped users a little ,offering no assistance and information), flexible interactioninterface, etc(Yang, 2009). Despite of internet technical developments Such as electronic signatures ,Security of the transactions is one of the common concern in online shopping . Since perceived security have direct effect on online buying intention , some commercial websites offer telephonic transactions or checks and individual accounts (Grabner-Kraeuter, 2002). As it mentioned above website design affects on attracting , sustaining and retaining the interest of a customer at a site. The design have the same importance that content have. Ease of navigation, page download time and improving the visual appeal of websites by using multimedia are the principals should take into consideration for website designing. Out of these factors , ease of the navigation is the most important one(Srikant Yang, 2001).Today websites are becoming more complex and users have difficulties to find desired information, spending too much time ,surfing webs(Kilfoil, et al.). To reduce the amount of irrelevant information and infor mation overload , the common used tool is site map. The website information structure is defined by map, helping users to adjust the scope of their search. Some websites offer personalized sitemap which helps visitors navigation (Toolan Kusmerick, 2002). The other tool that websites can add to help users finding information is search toolbar. Despite the popularity of search toolbars, irrelevant and not sufficient information may be resulted(Han Kamber, 2006). The third solution to prevent overload and unwanted information is intelligent navigation aid tools, dividing to recommendation systems and adaptive website techniques . Some recommendation systems are collaborative filtering, content-based recommenders, utility-based recommenders, knowledge based recommenders, and demographic recommenders (Guttman, Moukas, Maes, 1998; Rich, 1979; Towle Quinn, 2000). Other one is adaptive website.The word adaptive refers to the ability of the website or tool to change its behavior based on the way it is used(Schafer, Konstan, Riedi, 1999).Two ways for building adaptive websites are: improving the website design as a whole or providing personalized navigation aid for individual visitors (Spiliopoulou Pohle, 2001). In the past information quality or usability have been considered as the most influential aspect of tourism websites for perusing visitors but now new strategies are needed to use website as a persuasive tool (H. Kim Fesenmaier, 2008). Figure 2.4 shows the progress of technology design(Fogg, et al., 2002). Foggs (2002) noted that it is important to understand how persuasive design of destination websites can be used to support conversion rates (converting site viewers to site users and moderate users to heavy users)and to create favorable images of destinations. The website that successfully persuade travel information searchers elicit a click-though (the desired outcome), which gives the website a second opportunity to interact with the searcher . When they first view the websites homepage, searchers automatically evaluate the website in terms of relevance and usefulness to their trip planning task. Make Technology Persuasive Make Technology Usable Make Technology Functional Figure 2.4 Progress of Technology Design Persuasion is the principal role of destination websites and it is important to understand how to use website design to create favorable images of destination and convert more site viewers to customers .Design of the website can increase persuasiveness in order to influence Internet users beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes in the manner desired by Internet marketers (Fogg, et al., 2001). Zhang and von Dran (2002)(P. Zhang von Dran, 2002) extended Herzbergs dual structure model to an online context to investigate hygiene andmotivating factors in Web design. In accordance with Herzberg, Zhang and von Dran(2002) argued that websites should necessarily include hygiene factors to avoid user dissatisfaction, while motivating factors can be employed on an added-value basis to optimize user satisfaction and enjoyment. And collection), while additional features like credibility, fun/entertainment, visual attractiveness, multimedia, etc are persuasive factors since they enhance the experienc e affectively. Websites should always incorporate hygiene factors like like informativeness and usability, while additional elements (trustworthiness, inspiration, involvement, and reciprocity) of destination websites should be considered persuasive variables(Y. Zhang Hiltz, 2003). By contrast, good examples of a motivating factor are, multimedia features (virtual tour, podcast, etc.) that enhance website visitors satisfaction with their experience and motivate their return to the site. The absence of these features would not necessarily lead to dissatisfaction with the website, as long as hygiene factors are provided (Zhang 2000). Kim (2008) studied the persuasive design of destination websites, proposing a conceptual model of first impression formation toward tourism destination websites .The influence of informativeness, usability, inspiration, involvement ,trustworthiness and reciprocity on tourists first impression were analyzed in this study. In the other word the purpose of the study was to investigate what persuasive design characteristics influence the formation of first impression toward destination websites. Result showed that informativeness is the most effective factor Perceived Persuasiveness. Destination websites must be informative and useful. In most cases, trip planners, however, tend to infer anticipated quality of information through website design. Thus, design of destination websites must be supportive for the contents. Certainly, informativeness must be conveyed, but a website that does not create a favourable impression at the beginning is typically not given a further chance to demonstr ate its value. informativeness, inspiration and involvement have direct effects on a first impression, and impression is directly related to an intention to use the website for trip planning. These results suggest that the Limited Completion Group of trip planners is more influenced by the visual attractiveness of Web design and their choice of website is accordingly based on the extent of a destination websites purely aesthetic appeal. In contrast, the Full Completion Group of trip planners is more likely to be influenced by the utility of destination websites. In other words, the more functional benefits the websites seem to provide, the more favorable their impression will be. This study identified six underlying dimensions of persuasiveness in destination websites, but it did not investigate the website elements that correspond to respective dimension of persuasiveness. Baggio, R. (2007). The web graph of a tourism system. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 379(2), 727-734. Baloglu, S., Pekcan, Y. (2006). The website design and internet site marketing practices of upscale and luxury hotels in Turkey. Tourism Management, 27(1), 171-176. Bar, M., Neta, M., Linz, H. (2006). Very first impressions. Emotion, 6(2), 269-278. Blain, C., Levy, S., Ritchie, J. (2005). Destination branding: Insights and practices from destination management organizations. Journal of Travel Research, 43(4), 328. Borkenau, P., Liebler, A. (1992). Trait inferences: Sources of validity at zero acquaintance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(4), 645-657. Buhalis, D. (1998). Strategic use of information technologies in the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 19(5), 409-421. Buhalis, D., Law, R. (2008). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the InternetThe state of eTourism research. Tourism Management, 29(4), 609-623. Childers, T., Carr, C., Peck, J., Carson, S. (2001). Hedonic and utilitarian motivations for online retail shopping behavior. Journal of Retailing, 77(4), 511-535. Connolly, D., Olsen, M., Moore, R. (1998). The Internet as a distribution channel. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 39(4), 42. Doolin, B., Burgess, L., Cooper, J. (2002). Evaluating the use of the Web for tourism marketing: a case study from New Zealand. Tourism Management, 23(5), 557-561. Eraqi, M. (2006). IT as a means for enhancing competitive advantage. ANATOLIA-ANKARA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY RESEARCH-, 17(1), 25. Eraqi, M. (2009). Integrated quality management and sustainability for enhancing the competitiveness of tourism in Egypt. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 5(1), 14-28. Flavian, C., Gurrea, R., Orà ºs, C. (2009). Web design: a key factor for the website success. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 11(2), 168-184. Fogg, B., Marshall, J., Laraki, O., Osipovich, A., Varma, C., Fang, N., et al. (2001). What makes Web sites credible?: a report on a large quantitative study. Fogg, B., Soohoo, C., Danielson, D., Marable, L., Stanford, J., Tauber, E. (2002). How do people evaluate a web sites credibility. Govers, R., FM, G. (2003). Deconstructing destination image in the information age. Information Technology # 38; Tourism, 6(1), 13-29. Grabner-Kraeuter, S. (2002). The role of consumers trust in online-shopping. Journal of Business Ethics, 39(1), 43-50. Gratzer, M., Werthner, H., Winiwarter, W. (2004). Electronic business in tourism. International Journal of Electronic Business, 2(5), 450-459. Gursoy, D., McCleary, K. (2004). 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Journal of Travel Research, 47(1), 3. Kim, S., Stoel, L. (2004). Apparel retailers: website quality dimensions and satisfaction. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 11(2), 109-117. Krug, S. (2005). Dont Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to the Web: New Riders Publishing Thousand Oaks, CA, USA. Laudon, K., Traver, C. (2001). E-Commerce: Business. Technology. Society: Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc. Boston, MA, USA. Liang, T., Lai, H. (2002). Effect of store design on consumer purchases: an empirical study of on-line bookstores. Information Management, 39(6), 431-444. Liu, C., Arnett, K. (2000). Exploring the factors associated with Web site success in the context of electronic commerce. Information Management, 38(1), 23-33. Lu, J., Lu, Z. (2004). Development, distribution and evaluation of online tourism services in China. Electronic Commerce Research, 4(3), 221-239. Madu, C., Madu, A. (2002). Dimensions of e-quality. International Journal of Quality reliability management, 19(3), 246-258. OBrien, J. (1992). Management Information Systems: A Managerial End-User Perspective: McGraw-Hill Professional. Oconnor, P., Frew, A. (2008). Evaluating electronic channels of distribution in the hotel sector: A Delphi study. Journal of Information Technology Tourism, 3(34), 177. Palmer, A., McCole, P. (2000). The role of electronic commerce in creating virtual tourism destination marketing organisations. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12(3), 198-204. Pastore, M. (2001). Online travel market largely avoids economic slowdown. CyberAtlas. com, 23. Poon, A. (1993). Tourism, technology and competitive strategies: CAB international Wallingford. Porter, M. (1993). Technology and competitive advantage. Journal of Business Strategy, 5(3), 60-78. Price, W. (2008). The representatio

Against School Uniforms :: essays research papers

School Uniforms I understand that many schools around the nation wear uniforms for a good reason. Such as if kids could not purchase enough clothes normally. I completely respect that and the schools which choose to do so. However, I do strongly believe that children have the right to wear whatever they want to school as long as it is appropriate. I myself have never attended a school in which uniforms are required. But I do know kids who have and a lot of them say they don?t like it. I mean I can see why. Who wants to wear a school uniform every day? For kids who go to schools that require uniforms, there is no style present. Everyone looks the same. In a normal school where kids can where whatever they want, sometimes you can tell if someone is having a good day or not. You can learn things about people just by looking at how they dress themselves. Someone?s personality is represented by their outward appearance. I bet that whoever decides to make a school have uniforms went to a school that did have uniforms as a kid and just never realized how much better it would have been without uniforms. If that person went to a school without uniforms as a child, they never would have made a school have it required. Seriously, for all you people that think schools should have uniforms, think back to when you were in high school or grade school. Did you really want to have a uniform to wear to school? Did you really hope that everyone wore the same exact thing every day? Did you wish back then that when you woke up in the morning to go to school, everyone would look and act and be the same? No, I don?t think so. You wanted to express yourself and see what people were wearing each day. You liked style. But now that your job makes all the employees wear the same thing, you want to drag everyone else down with you. Just because you have to suffer, doesn?t mean everyone else has to as well. I mean think about it. Other than a few exceptions, school is basically the only time in your life when you can dress freely in a work environment.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essay -- essays research pa

It has always been man’s dream to see and understand the future in an attempt to prepare himself for events which will eventually unfold. This hope is the premise for futuristic novels like George Orwell’s 1984, which, step by step, moves through the life of a rebellious citizen trapped in a world of deceit and propaganda. Very few people have been exposed to such a treacherous environment as Oceania, where Winston, the main character, resides. Therefore, it was necessary for the author to interject certain literary devices to allow for the ability to better relate to a character in Winston’s situation. To accomplish this, Orwell utilizes the theme of individuality versus tyranny, foreshadowing, and irony, in order to fully extract all possible motives behind Winston’s actions.Many countries, such as the United States, are founded on principles of individuality reigning over tyranny, more specifically, the freedom of choice. However, in the futuristic Oceania, run by â€Å"Big Brother†, such freedom and individuality is, for the most part, completely suspended. To act impulsively, or choose to oppose Big Brother, is a â€Å"thoughtcrime† of dire consequence. This is the basis behind the Inner Party’s control of Oceania. Winston however, from the commencement of the novel, showed that he was not willing to conform to such a tyrannical society. From his writing â€Å"DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER† in his diary as the novel opened, to his relationship with Julia, which was considered sexcrime in Oceania, Winston proved his thoughts were antiparallel to those of the Inner Party. The fact that Winston was so ready to rebel was quite courageous in that he knew people who opposed The Party, or were to educated, like Syme, were vaporized. The members of the Inner Party recognized the abilities of an educated man to see through the propaganda of Oceania, and would therefore tolerate nothing but ignorance. Winston, however, continued to oppose the state, and commited, in many ways, both thoughtcrime and sexcrime. He joined the Brotherhood, run by Oceania’s first public enemy, Goldstein, and even reads a book published by the man. This action follows Winston’s open attempt to befriend O’Brien in a society which would not condone such outward behavior. The reasoning behind the condemnation of friendship was that it was believed that friendship could lead to alliances that would threate... ...at such a situation could actually become a reality where that mere thought of a situation could bear vaporization. Though the United States has remained a society based around choice, the antithesis of the fictional Oceania, it cannot be denied, that as technology gains more and more influence over common lives, the destruction of choice by misused technology becomes more and more realistic. Orwell uses literary devices like foreshadowing, themes, and irony to constitute a world he invented in 1948. Though the overall mechanics of Oceania are false, many of the inventions and beliefs put forth by the novel, have come to exist. Between computers, mind-control experiments, and the overproduction of technological propaganda, the purpose of Orwell’s novel, a forewarning of possibilities facilitating in society’s inability to control the monsters it creates, is well served. Society must continually advance, for the health and survival of civilization. But, as evidenced by a common hope that no situation similar to that of Oceania occurs, this continuous advance must be made with continuos knowledge and restraint, in order to preserve a way of life society to often takes for granted.

The Essential Role Of Stereotype In Propaganda Essay -- Media Stereoty

The Essential Role Of Stereotype In Propaganda People encounter propaganda and stereotypes in their daily lifestyle from social interaction with peers to family and the media. Propaganda and stereotype are correlative; however their conceptual fundaments are different. Propaganda is a systematic manipulation of public opinion that is consciously disseminated to promote a doctrine or cause. Contemporary propaganda deliberately attempts to alter peoples’ opinion and influence human behaviour through common broadcasters such as â€Å"politicians, advertisers, journalists, and radio personalities† (Delwiche 2002). Stereotype is defined as â€Å"a conventional, formulaic and over simplified conception, opinion or image† (Dictionary.com 2004). These generalizations influence peoples’ attitudes, values, beliefs and habits, as it conveys a biased perception towards an individual or a specific group. Stereotypes include, people conforming to a fixed image of an individual’s characteristics, based on race , age, gender, religion, and any other basis of subjectivity. Stereotype plays an active role in propaganda as it is publicly broadcasted to persuade the majority of people that encounter the misleading information. The tactics executed by the government in campaigns and regarding ethical dilemmas tends to be based on unsubstantiated evidence, which slanders an ethnic reputation and creates unnecessary criticisms of sexual orientation. Propaganda and stereotypes work well simultaneously, taking into account propaganda tactics are incorporated in politicians’ strategy of deceiving people. Propagandists eminently use compelling arguments as a method to persuade and sway individuals opinions; contrarily, the information is misleading because it ... ...ed on March 31, 2004. Thorpe, David (2004). The national gay & lesbian newsmagazine: The Advocate Spotlighting AIDS p.4. Online at: , consulted on March 29, 2004 Zogby, James J. The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs: The Bombings of U.S. Embassies and U.S. Rocket Attacks on Afghanistan and Sudan: Arab Americans Must Condemn All Purveyors of Hatred. Washington: Nov 1998. Vol. XVII, Iss. 7; pg 12. Online at: , consulted on March 30, 2004.

Com225 Assignment

In 3 days, I violated the rules of communications in 3 different situations when messages to welcome myself next to people I did not know were delivered non-verbally. I specifically acted against norms of proxemics. Proxemics is the area of nonverbal communication that focuses on space and distance and a person’s personal space. It is where you evaluate how intimate the relationship of two people interacting. The closer you get the higher the intimacy level the people must have. Day 1: There was a male student sitting by himself on a bench outside of a lecture hall reading Newspaper.   For the most part, there weren’t any other students around and there were two empty benches nearby. I wanted to see his reaction when I sat next to him very closely and looked over his shoulder to check out what he was reading.   While I looked over the article, he slowly turned his head and looked at me then back at the article.   He then laughed a little and asked what I was doing. I smiled and I didn’t say anything and kept looking at his face.   He was trying to avoid eye contacts with me and prepared to leave. I explained to him what I was doing and about my goal to break norms of nonverbal communication to unsuspecting individuals.   He thought it was funny and said that I definitely did make him feel very uncomfortable as well as very confused. Day 2: The next stop on my nonverbal communication norm-breaking project was in the Student Union.   There were two young women eating dinner at a nearby table.   There was an empty table next to them and students eating at other tables around them.   The two women were mid-conversation when I took a seat next to them at their table.   Not saying a word, I simply sat down and waited. Their initial reaction was confused and they stared at each other.   One of the girls pointed to me and opened her eyes wide to her friend as if to ask â€Å"Do you know her?†Ã‚   When they realized that I was a complete stranger to both of them and just invited myself to sit down and join in their dinner conversation, they started laughing and reacted with a confused â€Å"Hi!†Ã‚   They stared and waited for a response and then I started laughing with them and explained what was going on and why. The two young women said how awkward they felt when a complete stranger joined them at their table for dinner. Day 3: The next stop on my project was in front of my apartment. There was a girl who was talking on the phone. I tried to stay too close to her and then I pretended to listen to her phone conversation. For the first time, she looked at me and she tried to make a little more distance from me. However, I kept going closer to her and thus invaded her personal area. Finally, she went inside of Starbucks. When we found her inside of the coffee shop, she was still using her phone and she kept ignoring us. After her phone conversation, we explained to her about our nonverbal communication project and asked her a question about her feelings.   She said that it was uncomfortable, and she felt that I was invading her privacy and too close to her personal space. From the both situation, people felt that they were surprised and uncomfortable as well. I knew that I did inappropriate things that we normally won’t do in our lives. Intimate distance was invaded as I sat very close to the young man on the bench reading the newspaper and casual distance was made awkward as I put myself at this distance with two young women where I welcome myself at their table same as with a girl who I met in front of Starbucks conversing whom I did not know. The young man sitting on the bench and the talking on the phone prepared to leave or left because I think they don’t want anyone invading their privacy, especially a person they don’t know. The girls on the table were quite confused so I think they thought that I am just being friendly with them so they said â€Å"hi.† I think they did what a normal person would do in those situations. While I’m doing the exercise, I’ve thought that breaking communicative rules like proxemics could result to sending a wrong message. Like what I did when I welcome myself by sitting on a table where two girls were sitting. They conceived a message that I’m being friendly to them. But what if, you just have to sit there because there were no other sits available. The interaction would be unhealthy.         

The Coca-Cola Company Marketing R

The Coca-Cola Company| | | | | An Analysis of The Coca-Cola Company| 6/13/2010| | Table of Contents Title Page1 Table of Contents2 Introduction3 5C’s Analysis4-10 4P’s Analysis11-14 SWOT Analysis & Final Remarks15-17 Introduction In May 1886, John Pemberton, who was a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia was the first founder of coca cola. He concocted the coca cola formula in kin three legged brass kettle which the suggestion was given by bookkeeper Frank Robinson. Coke was fist sold at the pharmacy as a non alcoholic version of French wine coca.However, the sales were loss due to over expansion and health problems such as, disease, morphine, addictive, and headache. Because â€Å"Coca-cola† belonged to Charley, it was named coca-cola. Afterwards, Asa Candler, the Atlanta pharmacist/businessman bought the formula from John. His marketing skills were a huge success to the company during the 50th anniversary. His best skills were his promotion ideas. He gave away coup ons for complimentary first takes of coca-cola, gave calendar, urns and clocks to pharmacist. These promotions increased the sales by over 4000% during 1890-1900.Also, he gave minor changes in the ingredient and sold it in bottle, which was first sold in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Because the company was not too happy about the proliferation of copycat beverages and to safeguard the brand, they advertised that focused the authenticity of coca-cola. Later in 1923, Robert Woodruff brought the company from Asa Candler. He was a marketing genius because he observed potential overseas opportunities. He would capitalize on these opportunities by introducing Coke products in the 1928 Olympic Games.Woodruff made innovation by making distribution of 6 packs, open top cooler that was easier for people to drink at home or away, which was a huge success. Coca-Cola would reiterate its dedication towards the globalizing Coca-cola by initiating a series of advertisements linking Coca-Cola to the worl d. A specific advertisement that helped Coca-Cola shine its international appeal occurred in 1970 where Coca-Cola made young people from all over the world sing a song called â€Å"I’d Like to Buy the World a Coke†.Coca-Cola continually succeeded even amid protests of Coca-Cola’s changing of its formula. After protests, Coke Company returned to its old formula. This helped regain its market share over competition and led to the Coca-Cola Company’s introduction of a diet coke product that used Splenda sugar, which was its trademark. In the 21st century, in 2007 it came up with diet coke that contained vitamin B6, B12, magnesium, niacin, and zinc. Diet coke plus was made to be considered as a healthier soda. Coca-cola stopped printing the word â€Å"Classic† on the labels of 16 oz bottles.Coca-cola is committed to local markets and has bottling partners. Currently it is ubiquitous brand, every single time, it is known as â€Å"the most exciting and satisfying beverage. † This report will analyze why and how The Coca-Cola Company was able to achieve its title as the number one soft-drink company in the world. Beginning with an analysis of the 5C’s regarding the company, followed by a 4P’s analysis, and ending with a SWOT analysis, will highlight what factors drove towards Coca-Cola’s dominance in the soft-drink market. 5 C’s AnalysisHaving been in the soft-drink industry for over 100 years says a lot about their experience in the soft-drink industry. Coca-Cola’s long endeavored success has led to their ability to sustain a high market share in the non-alcoholic drink market with their driving force product in Coca-Cola but also in its other products as well. According to their website, Coca-Cola serves up to 1. 6Billion servings a day of their products, which poses the question on how they are able to keep up with such a high demand? An answer lies in their company mission statement, whi ch is to: * To refresh the world†¦ To inspire moments of optimism and happiness†¦ * To create value and make a difference. (Source: http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com) It is this making Coca-Cola a â€Å"part of one’s lifestyle† mentality that has allowed Coca-Cola to expand its brand image from a national level to a global level, which has fueled their dedication to keep up with these mind-boggling demand figures ever since the year of the inception of the Coca-Cola company. Their global image has reached the point where global sales have triumphed over the once dominant national U. S. market.For example, Coca-Cola’s 2008 revenue levels indicated that 75% of its revenues came from global sales, whereas only 25% came from North America. This statistical figure indicates that the Coca-Cola is indeed a global brand. In fact, according to a 2006 study done by Businessweek and Interbrand, Coca-Cola was rated the world’s number one brand: (http://w ww. interbrand. com/images/studies/BGB06Report_072706. pdf) Coca Cola’s ability to recognize the global market size and actually capitalize on it represents a huge part of why Coca-Cola has attained this sort of recognition.Although Coca-cola represents the biggest company in the world, it surprisingly doesn’t bottle and distributes its own products. Instead, franchises of different bottling collaborating companies represent the bulk of the bottling and distribution of Coca-Cola’s products. Coca-Cola does maintain a high amount of market shares in most of these bottling companies, ensuring that heavy demand goals can be met for the Company. Coca-Cola’s biggest collaborators represent Coca-Cola Enterprises, Coca-Cola Femsa, and Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Co.The Coca-Cola Company owns 31. 6%, 32%, and 23% respectively of each of these bottling companies. Coca-Cola Enterprises represents the biggest franchisee bottling and distributing company. It bottles a nd distributes for 80% of U. S sales and bottles and distributes for 18% of worldwide sales. Here is a diagram that explains the logistics behind Coca-Cola Enterprises’ operations: Coca-Cola Femsa is heavily focused in Central and South-America, and the Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Co is heavily focused within regions spanning from Africa, Europe, and Asia.It is this collaboration methodology that has allowed Coca-Cola to focus more on the development and maintaining of its products and brands. The number of shares that the Coca-Cola invests in most of these bottling companies ensures the alliance will be strong between the two, because they do represent the main driving force behind the bottling and distribution of Coca-Cola’s products. There is recent speculation though that Coca-Cola may indeed fully acquire its biggest collaborator in Coca-Cola Enterprises in wake of Pepsi’s Co. ’s acquisitions of some of their bottling collaborators.Another set of col laborators are represented in its relationships with other companies. As a prominent brand image, many companies have worked with Coca-Cola to help further advertise their own company. These companies can be directly related to Coca-Cola in that Coca-Cola might represent a compliment with their product. These industries include restaurants of all sorts, movie theaters, convenient stores, supermarkets etc. Coca-Cola has usually teamed up with all these type of venues to ensure that its brand gets spread throughout all kinds of settings.This usually results in promotions associated only with Coca-Cola products, the selling of only coca-cola products, or special promotions that include receiving Coca-Cola product if a certain product of the company’s is purchased. A notable relationship in this regard was the deal between McDonald’s and Coca-Cola. In 2009, Coca-Cola and McDonalds continued its over 50 year relationship with each other by reworking a deal where McDonalds w ould feature not only Coke, but many of Coca-Cola’s newer brands as well. This includes Coke-Zero, PowerAde, Fanta, and now even Vitamin Water.Their good relationship with each other helps benefits both companies in that people will link the quality of both brands with each other. It is these direct companies that represent the bulk of Coca-Cola’s sales, since most of Coca-Cola’s products are distributed at these venues. It is up to Coca-Cola to maintain good relations and a strong brand image in order for these direct companies to collaborate with Coca-Cola. Also there are indirectly related company collaborators with Coca-Cola. For example, in 2006 Coca-Cola launched MyCokeRewards.This promotional project allowed users to reap points for the purchasing of any of Coca-Cola’s products. These points could then be redeemed for various prizes, towards a contest, or towards the entering of a sweepstakes. Partnered relationships included in this rewards progra m included: Holiday Inn, Nike, Block Buster, Delta, and Six Flags. Another notable indirect collaborator with Coca-Cola is Apple. In 2006, Apple and Coca-Cola agreed to a collaboration in which a Coca-Cola themed music site was created to promote bands all across Europe with the integration of Apple’s ITunes system.These examples of indirect company collaborators show that though they don’t distribute Coca-Cola’s products, these indirect collaborators help promote their own product along with products of Coca-Cola. Beginning with a smaller form of competition, local drink brands represent the bulk of these competitors. Their only strength is their prevalence in their local location but they have a huge list of weaknesses when compared to the Coca Cola Company. These weaknesses include small amount of assets, lack of product extension, and prevalence outside of their local location.With most of these competitors, the Coca-Cola can simply acquire them through paym ent, or drive them out through a bunch of schemes. These schemes include price gauging or high amounts of advertisements. Since Coca-Cola produces so many types of non-alcoholic drink products, Coca-Cola can easily enter all sects of the drink market in most countries of the world. However it is no doubt that Pepsi Co. represents the biggest competitor of the Coca-Cola Company. Pepsi Co. began in a similar fashion of the Coca-Cola in that Pepsi Co. s most popular product in Pepsi was developed by a pharmacist in 1903. Like the Coca-Cola Company, Pepsi Co. has variations on Pepsi and has a huge product listing of different drinks encompassing the non-alcoholic drink spectrum as well. Pepsi Co. also follows a horizontal integration system with the merger and acquisition of other similar drink products. Some Pepsi Co. ’s other popular drinks besides Pepsi include, Diet Pepsi, 7-Up, Tropicana, Gatorade, Mountain Dew, Aquafina and a bunch of other products.These companies are inde ed direct competitors because they both represent the two biggest drink companies in the world and each one wants to make sure it has the vast majority market shares. The two companies aren’t entirely the same though. Merging with Frito Lay in 1965, Pepsi Co. enjoys the strength benefit of advertising its products along side Frito Lay’s products. This food/drink combination allows both Frito Lay and Pepsi to benefit, since both can make promotions for each of its products. Nevertheless, this can also be induced as a weakness of the company as well.This is because Pepsi has to allocate some resources to the development and production of Frito Lay products, which allows The Coca-Cola Company the ability to slowly take control of the drink market since that is its only focus. Also any negativity with any Frito-Lay products could be linked to Pepsi products if both products are too frequently marketed together. It is these two ideas that could prompt why The Coca-Cola stil l enjoys a higher level of market shares on Pepsi. It’s not entirely because of these two ideas that Coca-Cola still enjoys a higher market share; there are many other factors as well.One specific advantage that Coca-Cola had over Pepsi was that The Coca-Cola Company owned Columbia Pictures from 1982-1989. Between this time, Coca-Cola easily advertised their products indirectly by including it in a multitude of films. Both companies employ similar marketing tactics, in that both try to popularize its main product in Pepsi and Coke respectively. Both companies have used celebrities, sponsorships, multitudes of TV ads, appearances in TV shows/movies, and all kinds of advertisement strategies. However these marketing schemes have caused the two companies to engage in what many call the â€Å"Cola Wars†.Since the 1970’s both companies had countless of ads trying to devalue the other company’s main product: Pepsi initiated this by starting a set of commercials of having Blind Tastes. Deemed as the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge†, these types of ads would extenuate Coca-Cola refuted to some of these ads by producing similar ads and also by producing a new recipe of coke in the 1980’s. It slowly reverted back to its classic formula later on but despite these devaluation schemes, both companies seem to employ the same advertising schemes by portraying their product as a something that should be a part of one’s lifestyle.It has come to a point where whenever Coca-Cola has an advertisement, you’ll most likely see a similar Pepsi advertisement as well. At this point, both companies have become so prevalent in the global market that people usually don’t differentiate between the two main products in Coke and Pepsi. Sure some diehard fans of each company will disagree, but there are plenty of examples where this idea can be seen. For example, you go to a restaurant and you ask for a Coke.When the waitress responds, â₠¬Å"Oh sorry we only have Pepsi†, you’ll most likely respond with â€Å"oh that’s fine. † It has come to this point where both companies can benefit from the competition aspect, but at the same time if one company drops the ball or messes up badly, the other company can easily capitalize on the market since both companies represent the top 2 drink companies in the world. When evaluating the customer of Coca-Cola, it practically has no limits. Besides the alcoholic customer, the Coca-Cola Company has products that encompass all parts of the drink market.The market size of the drink market practically covers the vast majority of the world since it compliments a biological function in replenishing thirst. However it depends on the motive and likes of the customer that will dictate which product he/she will buy. With a huge 3300 different kinds of beverages, Coca-Cola does a great job of not devaluing its most successful Coke brand with its other brands that ta rget different parts of the non-alcoholic drink market. There are examples of devaluation may have occurred, such as in the production of Diet-Coke and Coke-Zero.In the 1980’s was labeled as a time where individuals wanted to live a healthier lifestyle, so Coca-Cola had no choice but to develop a healthier version of its product in Diet Coke since its competitors were following suit. This theme again was reintroduced in the late 2000’s when health issues re-sparked. However realizing certain customer trends and behaviors, The Coca-Cola Company made a separate healthy drink in Coke Zero in hopes of targeting the male population. That’s because trends showed that males didn’t drink Diet-Coke due to the nature of its name being associated with a diet.It was due to immense popularity and recognition of the Coca-Cola brand name and a culmination of systematic advertisements highlighting the healthiness of these diet Cokes that led most of its customer base to not deter away from the original product in Coca-Cola. A following section will dive into the marketing aspects that drive this popularity in its original product of Coke. According to this graph: carbonated soft-drinks represent the higher amount of gallons consumer per capital from 1991-2008.It is because of this staggering trend that Coca-Cola’s most popular products are in its carbonated drinks. This trend has also transcended to the global level because of course Coca-Cola wanted to popularize its main product in Coca-Cola. Here are some statistical figures of per-capita consumption of Coca-Cola throughout the world: Coca-Cola knows the initial popularization of its Coke product will eventually help the sales of its other products. All labels of Coca-Cola’s products in some sort of form state it was manufactured by â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company. Since people can relate to the high brand quality of Coca-Cola, it will interest individuals to try out The Coca-Cola Com pany’s other products. And since the Coca-Cola Company has a product that covers every part of the soft-drink spectrum, customers will soon discovered that the Coca-Cola Company has a product that meets all its non-alcoholic drink needs. This is reflected in recent a sales figure which lists all of The Coca-Cola Company’s products that have garnered over $1billion in sales: The Coca-Cola Company has always strived to respond according to its context.There weren’t many complications in the first half of the company’s history so it was easy for Coca-Cola to flow in into the drink environment and promote itself. But soon after the start of the 1980’s to 2000’s, complications behind the ingredients of Coca-Cola started to arise. This was because health officials noted that Coke could have potential health effects with its high content in sugar and caffeine. More specifically health and government officials noted that Coca-Cola utilized a cheap f orm of sugar called High Fructose Corn Syrup.Developed from corn, this sugar is definitely considered an alternative to natural cane sugar due to its increased availability and its cheap cost. However it does pose a higher health risk since it has been linked to cause obesity and type-2 diabetes at a faster rate than cane sugar. In response to this, Coca-Cola developed product extension lines initially with Diet-Coke and Coke-Zero following suit in 2004. These two products responded well to these health-conscious environments. These types of examples show how the Coca-Cola Company stands behind its mission statement.In no matter what shape or form, the Coca-Cola Company does its best to accommodate towards the current environment of the market. 4P Analysis Product: Coca-Cola offers a portfolio of more than 3,300 products in over 200 countries. Major Brands of Coca-Cola are: Coca-Cola sodas/soft drinks that generate > $1billion in annual sales (http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Coca-C ola_Company_(KO)) Coca-Cola Dasani Diet Coca-Cola Vitamin Water Fanta Powerade Sprite Minute-Maid Coke Zero Aquarius Barq’s Rootbeer Nestea Odwalla SokenbichaCoca-Cola classic is the most popular and biggest selling soft-drink in history. Coca-Cola Classic is the best-known product in the world and was created in Atlanta, Georgia, by Dr. John S. Pemberton. By 1895 Coca-Cola Classic was being sold in every state and territory in the United States. As stated the driving force of The Coca-Cola company is in its original product of Coca-Cola, but they have slowly evolved their company to not only encompass the soda part of the soft-drink market, but literally of all of the other parts representing the non-alcoholic soft drink market as well.It boasts a total of 3300 different beverages, with some of these beverages having high market share in the soda market as well as the other segments of the non-alcoholic soft drink market. However it can’t be overlooked that the Coca-C ola has participated in Product-Line extensions with the creation of alternative Coca-Cola brands, such as Diet-Coke, Coke-Zero, Vanilla Coke, Green Tea, Cola Lemon, Cola Lemon Lime, Cola Lime, Cola Orange, and even Cola Raspberry, and Cherry-Coke.In a sense, The Coca-Cola’s company approach throughout the years can be seen as a form of Horizontal Integration in that Coca-Cola has expanded internally, with its external growth following suit. This external expansion is reflected by all the mergers and acquisitions of companies that offered similar products. All these factors show why the Coca-Cola Company has evolved to become biggest leader of the soft drink market. Another very popular Coca-Cola soft drink is Sprite. Sprite was introduced in 1961 and is the world leading lemon-lime flavored soft drink.Sprite is sold in more than 190 countries and is ranked Number four in the soft drink worldwide industry because of its crisp, clean taste that really quenches your thirst. Spr ite has a strong appeal to the â€Å"young† generation because of its honest and straightforward attitude that sets it apart from other soft drinks. Sprite encourages you to be true to whom you are and obey your thirst. Product packaging includes products of sparkling drinks and still beverages (water, juices, juice drinks, teas, coffees, sports drinks, energy drinks).Through innovative fountain distribution, Coke-Cola is able to be more flexible and reliable towards consumer satisfaction. Packaging beverages where through plastic bottles and aluminum cans. The Coca-Cola Company is recognized by 94% of the world’s population. According to Coca-Cola product packaging strategy their approach is to identify and utilize the most compelling combination of packaging elements that best communicates what Coca-Cola stands for around the world – Unique taste, great refreshment and authenticity. PLACE: The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s largest beverage company.Be verages are sold in over 200+ locations throughout the world. The Coca-Cola headquarters is located in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Coca-Cola has an employee net force of approximately 92,400 members. The operating groups are division as: –Eurasia & Africa Group –Europe Group –North America Group –Pacific Group –Bottling Investments Group –McDonald’s Group The Coca-Cola system is a global business that operates on a local scale (community business) that allows Coca-Cola to create a global reach with local focuses because of the strengths of the Coca-Cola system which involves their 300+ bottling partners worldwide.Coca-Cola and their 92,000+ associates around the world live and work in the markets that serve more than 87 percent of outside markets in the U. S. This geographically diverse environment helps Coca-Cola learn from each market and share those learning’s to develop collaborative company culture. PRICE: Pricing varies accord ing to brand and size. Approximately Coca-Cola 2L costs about $1. 68 and a pack of 375mL x 18 cans of Coca-Cola is approximately $9. 98. Studies show that instead of pricing a pack of Coca-Cola as $10. 00, pricing a price even one cent cheaper as $9. 9 is due to the psychological perception of cost strategy that makes the product of the price seem much cheaper even if it is just one or two cents cheaper from the nearest whole number. Coca-Cola’s pricing influences are contributed to Coca-Cola’s products that are sold and distributed to retail stores and set by their pricing strategies. Convenient stores and petrol stations usually sell Coca-Cola products at a fixed price. Discount prices are often set and marked down during sale periods and special occasions to increase sales and profits.Prices are set around competitors and seasons also have an influence in pricing. PROMOTION: Coca-Cola cares about the welfare of animals and supports their proper treatment. Coca-Cola and their U. S. bottling partners will not sponsor events or attractions that feature animals unless the event organizers have policies and procedures in place to support the humane treatment of animals and provide ready access to quality veterinary care to protect the animals' health and safety.For more than 50 years, Coca-Cola has had a policy not to advertise full-calorie, sparkling soft drinks on TV programming that targets children under 12. The Coca-Cola Company believes that children under 12 should not be the audience of Coca-Colas advertising and marketing practices because of the nutritional contents in the beverages that may not be suitable for children under the age of 12. The Coca-Cola Company may have more than one promotion running at any given time and may use many different types and strategies to promote their products.Coca-Cola uses shelving strategy that is the positioning of their products in stores, eye catching position strategy that is the attraction of custo mer attention to Coca-Colas products, sale promotions through sponsorship with schools and sport events ex. FIA World Cup, and UTC (Under the Crown) offering prizes to promote Coca-Cola products. Coca-Cola uses advertising as its main source of increasing consumer awareness. Television is their main advertising source. The music used in advertising is often an original recording produced by agencies specifically for that commercial.Coca-Cola also uses POS (Point Of Sale) that is used through posters and stickers of Coca-Cola and billboards to promote products and the Coca-Cola Company at different site locations. The following amounts reflect the total worldwide amounts spent on print, radio, internet, and television advertising. Advertising expenses included in selling, administrative and general expenses that were approximately: 2006: $2. 6 billion 2005: $2. 5 billion 2004: $2. 2 billion 2003: $1. 8 billion 2002: $1. 7 billion 2001: $2. 0 billion 2000: $1. 7 billion 1999: $1. bill ion 1998: $1. 6 billion 1997: $1. 6 billion 1996: $1. 4 billion 1995: $1. 3 billion 1994: $1. 1 billion 1993: $1. 0 billion SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis was done on the Coca-Cola Company to pinpoint key factors that led to Coca-Cola’s past and current success in the soft drink market. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, so to begin with the analysis, the strengths sector will be looked at first. Coca-Cola’s strengths include; strong market strategies, product diversification, and many distribution channels.Coca-Cola uses a mix of great advertisements which include catchy slogans, a strong family-brand image, and also sponsors sporting events. A prime example of one of their successful advertisements was seen with their launch of Coke Zero. Coke Zero is a dietary substitute to the original Coke, like Diet Coke, but claims to have the same flavor as the original Coke. Their slogan that was used was, â€Å"A clear case of taste infringemen t. † Advertisements were run on television of lawyers from Coca-Cola trying to â€Å"sue† Coke Zero for copying their flavor, even though Coca-Cola obviously made Coke Zero.In the end Coke Zero proved to be a big hit for Coca-Cola and continues to be a success. As for their family-brand image, Coke has always been seen as family friendly in the United States of America for a very long time. To illustrate this image, Coca-Cola has utilized a general heuristic marketing, generally aimed at making people link fun and family friendly with the Coca-Cola Company. Some examples include; Coca-Cola’s holiday campaigning, partnerships with â€Å"family-friendly† venues, and prizes that appeal to a typical American family.Santa is seen as the biggest icon and representative of the holiday season. Coca-Cola is the reason for the present-day image of Santa. â€Å"Coca-Cola ® advertising actually helped shape this modern-day image of Santa. † As for their partn erships, Coca-Cola has been a long-time partner with McDonalds. Along with McDonalds, Coca-Cola teamed up with Regal Theaters and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). McDonalds and Regal Entertainment Group provide family friendly venues targeted for dining and entertainment purposes, respectively. The WWF is a charitable worldwide wildlife and agricultural conservation organization.They teamed up with Coca-Cola to help regulate Coke’s water usage and its effect on the world’s agriculture. All three mentioned companies are seen as family friendly or have a mission statement that is family-approved. Coca-Cola expands their brand awareness by constantly being associated with worldwide sporting events. Coca-Cola is sponsoring the FIFA World Cup, which is the biggest sporting event in the world, the NBA, the NCAA, and NASCAR. Many commercials and billboards can be seen during these sporting events, as they are all advertisements of Coca-Cola. Product Diversification is a valuabl e piece to Coca-Cola’s success.Along with the original Coke line, Coca-Cola also produces various sports drinks, bottled water, energy drinks, and also clothing and merchandise. Coca-Cola is the owner of PowerAde, Dasani, and Full Throttle. Currently, these three brands have a significant presence in the U. S. market that can’t be ignored. Coca-Cola’s many distribution channels may be what makes Coca-Cola so dominant. Coca-Cola created the contour bottle in 1916, and they own shares of major bottling factories around the world. This has led Coca-Cola to be one of the world’s most recognized brands, being recognized by 94% of the whole world.The main weakness that has been found with Coca-Cola is their poor nutritional content. Although Coca-Cola is enjoyed by many different age groups worldwide, Coke is high in sugar and calories, has caffeine, and is associated with many fast foods. This is a problem with Coca-Cola as they have many different partnership s and distribution channels. The fact that Coke is so widely distributed and known gives them a larger opportunity to affect a large number of people. Coca-Cola has been linked with many different diseases and health issues which include; tooth decay, obesity, and diabetes.Although Coca-Cola is the current leading company in the soft drink market, there are still many new opportunities that exist to further strengthen their market share and keep other competitors at bay. Some opportunities that exist include, more sponsorships and diversifying into other segments. As mentioned before, Coca-Cola is currently involved with various sports sponsorships. However, Coca-Cola could broaden their sports sponsorships and gain more visibility. For the events that Coca-Cola is sponsoring, they have little visibility, as they are briefly mentioned in a name or seen on small billboards across the television screen.A suggestion that was thought of was the endorsement of a soccer team. It is a comm on practice for a corporation to endorse a team, and in return, have that corporation’s name and logo printed all over the uniform. An example of this that may be popular in Korea would be the player Park Ji-Sung. Park Ji-Sung plays for Manchester United and they are currently sponsored by AIG. The justification in this form of advertising would the fact that soccer is the world’s most watched sport, and there is no better way than to get a company’s name out to sports fans.Another solution that was taken into consideration is the expansion to different sectors in the food industry. Following the examples of A;W Root Beer and Baskin Robbins, if a Coca-Cola cafe opened up, the results could be great financially. The original idea for a Baskin Robbins Cafe to open up was part of a plan to revitalize the company after years of falling sales. Although Coca-Cola doesn’t have a failing company, this could still boost sales and increase Coca-Cola’s domina nce in the soft-drink industry, while boosting brand awareness among consumers. The last part of the SWOT analysis is threats.When Coca-Cola is thought of, Pepsi is almost always mentioned in the same sentence. Coca-Cola and Pepsi have been battling for the top position in the soft-drink market for years. Although Coca-Cola sits at the top spot for now, Pepsi has and always will be threatening Coke for soft-drink supremacy. From the infamous â€Å"Cola Wars† in the 1980’s-1990’s to the present day market situation, there is always a sense of insecurity and uncertainty of who will be the next #1. Different marketing schemes and ploys have been taken in the past to outdo one another. Starting with clever advertising, blind taste tests, rewards rograms, and partnerships with other members of the food and beverage industry, every new project fuels a constant battle between the two companies. As explained before, Pepsi can be seen as a direct competitor to Coke in a very direct and narrow perspective. However, if the soft drink industry is seen as whole, or rather the beverage industry, any drink offered in the market can be seen as a potential competitor of Coca-Cola. Healthier alternatives include; tea, water, and coffee. Tea and coffee can be seen as a healthier source of caffeine, while water can be seen as a healthier drink alternative in general.Overall, this SWOT analysis was done to see the present issues and potential problems in Coca-Cola’s current market, as well as to find solutions to these issues. Coca-Cola is mainly a provider of their staple drink, Coca-Cola Classic, but they also produce different products within the soft-drink industry. Although there is no correct answer to any current and potential issues, diversification into other food segments and new venues seem like a profitable venture for Coca-Cola. The Coca-Cola Company’s has been on path towards dominance since its inception.Initially popularizing itse lf nationally then capitalizing on global opportunities has led to the major expansion of the Company, which originally started off as a single-product drink company to now a company that boasts a very solid single-product in Coca-Cola with alternatives in all aspects of the non-alcoholic drink market. It’s popularization of Coca-Cola through its schemes of labeling it as fun and family friendly has helped the company strive towards is goals as a company highlighted in its mission of making its products widely available and refreshing the world.Coca-Cola’s current state has shown that it can continue to utilize the same strategies explained towards its success in the future. The Coca-Cola Company has already shown that it can succeed at all types of time periods since the company is well over 100 years old. It’s experience and its smart and effective strategies will be key towards its positive future. ———————†”——————– [ 1 ]. http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/heritage/cokelore_santa. html